Three Years Since October 7: Gaza's War in Numbers

Three years have passed since the October 7, 2023, attacks on Israel triggered a war in Gaza that has had a profound and lasting impact on the territory and its population.

Palestinian health officials and international organizations have reported tens of thousands of deaths in Gaza over the course of the conflict, along with extensive damage to homes, hospitals and other civilian infrastructure. Some rights groups, United Nations officials and the Palestinian Authority have described the campaign as amounting to genocide, a characterization Israel has firmly rejected, saying its military operations are directed at Hamas and are conducted in response to the October 7 attacks.

The conflict has also triggered a large-scale humanitarian crisis, with much of Gaza's population displaced multiple times, and aid organizations repeatedly warning of shortages of food, clean water, medical supplies and fuel.

Three years on, basic services in Gaza, including healthcare, education and water and sanitation systems, remain severely disrupted, and reconstruction needs are described by humanitarian agencies as vast, with estimates of the time and resources required to rebuild running into years if not decades.

The anniversary has prompted renewed international attention to the war's toll, even as questions remain over ceasefire efforts, hostage releases, and the broader political future of Gaza and the region.